#2013 precipitation totals series

The authors declare no conflict of interest. It can be reasonably concluded from the findings that the projected precipitation shows substantial bias and low correlation with the observed data. While the MIROC5 model reveals the same trend direction at only eight locations, the MRI-CGCM3 model shows the same trend direction at eight locations. The point-by-point annual rainfall trend comparison reveals that some models (bcc-csm-1-1, bcc-csm-1-1-m and CCM4) are able to capture the trend direction (decreasing trend) at 19 locations. A non-parametric trend test, the Mann–Kendall method, is implemented to test the trends in both datasets, followed by another analysis of the underlying probability distributions. The monthly precipitation of 30 rain gauges stations over 65 years, as well as the 18 models from the CMIP5 project with different spatial resolutions, have been collected and used to represent the typical projected climate data in this study. In this paper, the focus was set on investigating the annual trend of precipitation over Iraq. This is further confirmed by Figure 7, which shows an overall good fit of the beta distribution to the observation dataset. The results show that the observation fits well to the beta distribution seen in Figure 7, as indicated by the parameters of both the observed data and the bootstrapped data (i.e., via resampling the observed data), being situated well within the shaded area representing the beta distribution. Further assessment of the observed rainfall against the beta distribution is conducted using the Q-Q plot, p-p plot, empirical and theoretical PDFs and CDFs. As can be seen in Figure 6, the observed rainfall lies within the region of beta distribution.

#2013 precipitation totals series

The monthly time series for the observations and the 18 models of CMIP5 are evaluated against eight theoretical distributions. The skewness–kurtosis graph (Cullen and Frey plot) technique is employed to check whether the average areal rainfall of observations and CMIP5 models are drawn from the same family of theoretical distribution. Their finding proves the allegation that GCMs have weaknesses when it comes to the representation of observed precipitation on small spatial scales and short temporal scales, e.g. However, reproducing the observed precipitation over some subcontinental and arid regions was problematic. The GCMs showed good agreement with the observed monthly time series. used volumetric hit index (VHI) analysis with 34 CMIP5 GCMs to reproduce observed precipitation across the globe. The precipitation projections revealed significant positive linear trends of spring precipitation under the RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 scenarios, while summer precipitation is shown to be undergoing an inter-annual change. evaluated nine CMIP5 datasets under different RCP future scenarios for the projections of summer and spring precipitation for the period of 2013–2050 over the Yangtze River basin in China. Several climate studies that primarily used GCMs to estimate the future of the earth’s climate system indicated changes in the climate from the regional scale to global scale.